Everything about Foral totally explained
The word
Foral derives from the
Portuguese word
Foro, ultimately from
Latin FORVM, equivalent to
Spanish language fuero.
A
Carta de Foral, or simply
Foral, was a royal document in
Portugal and its former empire, whose purpose was to establish a
concelho (Council) and regulate its administration, borders and privileges. A newly founded town would also need the king's approval through a
Foral, in order to be considered one. In this case, the town's administration and privileges would be defined in that document.
Forais were granted between the 12th and the 16th centuries.
The Foral was the basis for municipal foundation, thus the most important event of a city or town's history. It was critical to a successful land settling and an increase in crop yields, by giving more freedom and dignity, via a concession, to farmers, in an age when people were subject to near slave work, as servants of
landlords. The
Foral made a
concelho free from
feudal control, transferring power down to a neighbours council (
concelho), with its own municipal autonomy. As a result, the population would become directly and exclusively under the dominion and jurisdiction of the crown, excluding the Lord from the power hierarchy. The
Foral granted public lands to the collective use of the community, regulated taxes, tolls and fines and established protection rights and military duties within royal service.
A
pillory (
Pelourinho) is directly linked to a
Foral. It was raised after the
Foral was granted and were placed in the main square of the town.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Foral'.
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